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Hitler's Secret Pirate Fleet: The Deadliest Ships of World War II First Edition
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They were the deadliest ships of World War II--nine German commerce raiders disguised as peaceful cargo ships, flying the flags of neutral and allied nations. In reality, these heavily armed warships roamed the world's oceans at will, like 20th-century pirates. They struck unsuspecting freighters and tankers out of the darkness of night or from behind a curtain of fog and mist. For almost three years they led the Royal Navy on a deadly chase from sea to sea, seeding Allied ports with hundreds of mines and, on one occasion, even bombarding a shore installation.
Masquerading as unarmed merchantmen, the raiders carried an awesome array of weapons cleverly hidden behind false structures and concealed inside empty packing crates on their decks. Seaplanes and motorboats helped them seek out their victims on the vast seas. They then fed off of these unsuspecting targets, pumping fuel from their prey into their own tanks and taking food from captured pantries to feed their own crews and the thousands of prisoners that they picked up along the way. These secret ships also acted as supply ships for U-boats, helping their fellow hunters remain at large for longer periods. At sea for months--or even years--those raider sailors lucky enough to survive were hailed as heroes when they returned home.
- ISBN-100275966852
- ISBN-13978-0275966850
- EditionFirst Edition
- PublisherPraeger
- Publication dateSeptember 15, 2001
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6 x 0.69 x 9 inches
- Print length248 pages
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- Publisher : Praeger; First Edition (September 15, 2001)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 248 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0275966852
- ISBN-13 : 978-0275966850
- Lexile measure : 1220L
- Item Weight : 1.25 pounds
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.69 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #5,255,216 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #2,746 in Military History (Books)
- #8,361 in European History (Books)
- #10,238 in Naval Military History
- Customer Reviews:
About the author
James P. Duffy is the author of over a dozen previous books, most on military history. His World War II titles include The Sinking of the Laconia and the U-Boat War, Target America, and Hitler's Secret Pirate Fleet. He has also written on the American Civil War and the rulers of Imperial Russia. He resides with his family in New Jersey.
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The German raiders were well armed: all carried half a dozen 5.9 inch guns, 1-2 seaplanes, 5-8 anti-aircraft guns, torpedo tubes, and mines. Deceptive tactics were standard procedure: false flags, deceptive signals, radio jamming (to smother warning and distress broadcasts), stealthy stalking, smoke and false fires, crewmen dressed as women pushing baby carriages. Every week or two the raiders would alter their identities; Atlantis could successfully imitate 26 other vessels. The raiders stayed at sea for months (Atlantis for 622 days, five of the nine for over a year; in contrast a long U-boat deployment was 200 days), rendezvousing with supply ships and tanker U-boats, and sending prize crews and prisoners to Axis ports on captured ships.
Early Allied mistakes aided the raiders. Since raiders jammed the distress calls of their victims, the British Admiralty instructed all merchantmen hearing a distress call being jammed to send their own position and the bearing to the jammed transmission. This located all the merchantmen in a raider's vicinity. The raiders soon sent fake distress calls, jammed them, and then waited for the merchantmen in the vicinity to send their positions and bearings to the supposed distress call. Raiders would cover each other by sending multiple false distress calls to hide a real one.
The raiders' deceptive tricks (and the inattention of their opponents) yielded some stunning victories. For example, the Kormoran, disguised as a Dutch freighter, played an elaborate cat-and-mouse game with HMAS Sydney, hoisting tangled signal flags, garbling identification messages, playing dumb to Sidney's challenges, until Kormoran closed to within a kilometer of Sydney. The Kormoran then ran up the swastika, dropped its camouflage screens and destroyed Sydney's bridge and two forward gun turrets in 30 seconds. Sydney eventually sank with all hands, the worst naval loss in Australian history.
The German raiders' war was (for the Kriesmarine) relatively long; by May 1943 the Michel was Germany's last warship on the high seas. On the night of September 29, 1943, she accidentally but successfully sailed through the middle of an entire U.S. Navy Task Force. In October 1943, Michel's stealth and deception tricks finally failed her. The USS Tarpon torpedoed the last German commerce raider outside Tokyo Bay. But while Nazi Germany's grandiose pocket battleships and battleships were swiftly dispatched (Graf Spee, Bismarck) or bottled up (Tirpitz, Scharnehorst, Prince Eugen), her inexpensive commerce raiders effectively prowled the sea lanes for years. Deception trumped firepower, until bested by counter-deception.
Duffy provides detailed accounts of each raider, every engagement, even the various animals captured from the raiders' prizes. In the tradition of Jean Laffite, raider captains and crews displayed an almost 18th Century gallantry, the stuff of adventure films (after the war De Laurentiis produced Under Ten Flags, based on the exploits of the raider Atlantis). Captured crewmen and passengers were uniformly well treated, sharing the quarters, rations, and entertainments of their German capturers. These tales of raiders' and their crews are well told; Duffy paints richly colored portraits of Hitler's secret pirate fleet and these chivalrous corsairs.
The book is divided into nine chapters, each of which covers the wartime career of one of the Kriegsmarine's disguised commerce raiders. At the start of each chapter, there is a crude sketch map that depicts where each of that particular raider's victims were sunk or captured, but the raider's actual route is not depicted. The book has five appendices (identities of the raiders, technical data, armament data, war records of the raiders, the Sydney Controversy) and a bibliography, but no footnotes. There are also ten B/W photos included.
Chapter one begins with the cruise of the Atlantis, the first raider to sail in 1940 and proceeds through the exploits of each raider. Certainly the best chapter is the one involving the fight between the radar Stier and the American Liberty Ship Stephen Hopkins. One thing that the book sorely lacks is an overview chapter that provides some strategic context, as well as a bit more on British reactions to the raiders and an assessment of their commerce-raiding on the war. Although the author provides a table which tallies up what each raider sank, there is no effort to assess the significance of these losses. Many of these chapters are similar to the chapters in Muggenthaler's earlier book and when you compare the two, it is apparent that Duffy has synthesized some of the material and even manages to leave out a few pertinent facts here and there. Despite this `rehashed' flavor to the book, Hitler's Secret Pirate Fleet is never dull and most readers should find that it covers a little-known aspect of the Second World War at sea in a most interesting fashion.