As far as I know the US navy was the only one to do this. But it wasn't because of the environment. The part you can see is the outer hull. The pressure hull is almost entirely under water and the air is being constantly exchanged through vents in the conning tower. When a diesel/electric sub dives the heat from the engine blocks disipate into the air and the subs internal temperature rises to over 120 degrees. Then the crews sweat evaporates and turns the sub into a sauna. When the heat leaks through the pressure hull the moisture condenses on everything. You could be in the artic ocean and still need air conditioning.