General Discussions
This is the place to discuss general issues related to the U-boat war or the war at sea in WWII.
Land-lease
Posted by:
Yuri IL\'IN
()
Date: April 27, 2001 01:45PM
<HTML><TABLE border=0 cellPadding=0 cellSpacing=0 width=760>
<TBODY>
<TR vAlign=center>
<TD align=left rowSpan=2> <A href=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\"><IMG alt=\"\" border=0 height=44 src=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\" width=280></A> </TD>
<TD align=left><H3>Independent Military Review<BR>#31, 1999<H3></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
<BLOCKQUOTE> <B class=header1>Lend-lease for the Soviet Navy</B><BR>
<B class=subheader>The assimilation by the Soviet Navyof naval engineering, accepted from the allies, has helped our designers at creation of the new ships</B><BR>
<B>Vladimir Krasnov</B><BR>
<P style=\"BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; PADDING-TOP: 3px\">
<B>About the author:</B> Krasnov Vladimir Nikitich - Doctor of naval sciences, Senior scientific employee of Institute of a History of Natural Sciences and Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Captain 1 rank in demission.
</P>
<P>
<TABLE align=right border=0 cellPadding=0 cellSpacing=0 width=300>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD> <IMG height=1 src=\"ËåÃä-ëèç äëÿ ÂÌÔ ÑÑÑÃ.files/dot.gif\" width=8> </TD>
<TD> <IMG border=1 height=120 src=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\" vspace=2 width=300> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> <IMG height=1 src=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\" width=8> </TD>
<TD align=right colSpan=2 vAlign=bottom><B><I>Such American minesweepers such as YMS were supplied to the Soviet Union on lend-lease within Great Domestic war.</I></B><B><I> <BR>
</I></B><B><I>Photo from archive of the author</I></B></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
After the termination of the Second world war in a favour to a political situation long years existed (and partly continues to exist) definite preconception in an estimation of the allied help within war. Sparse, in the main journal and newspaper papers having, as a rule, fragmentary character, yielded a biassed estimation by the received Soviet Union on lend-lease to military engineering and materials. Thus was not stipulated, that some supplied rather necessary kinds of engineering and arms at all was not in the Soviet Army and Naval fleet (radiolocation, hydrolocation, influence sweeps, multibarreled projectors etc.), separate kinds of military production received on ëåÃä-ëèçó, exceeded on volume basis similar, made by the Soviet industry, or constituted the large specific gravity.
</P>
<P>
In particular it falls into to automobiles and tractors (see. Independent Military Review #31, 1999), and also to steam locomotives and cars. In a composition the Soviet air forces acting on fronts of Great Domestic war, lay more than 15 % of aircrafts received from the allies on lend-lease.
</P>
<P>
Is appreciable the Soviet Navy has replenished with the import ships and vessels, various arms and engineering. So, in result land-laese of deliveries the quantity of patrol crafts on Pacific fleet per 1945 in comparison with a beginning of war was increased in 4-5 times. The figure of minesweepers in a composition of a Soviet Navy was increased twice. Northern fleet, on which in June, 1941 there were only two torpedo motorboats, by 1945 has replenished with 47 American boats such as \"Vosper\" (A-1), \"Higgins\" (A-2) and ELCO (A-3). From USA in 1943-1945 43 landing vessels of express construction have acted(arrived) which the Soviet Navy as a matter of fact had no, though the need(requirement) for them was great (more 100 landing operations of miscellaneous scale has conducted of fleet within war).
</P>
<P>
Unfortunately, the ground mass of the ships on lend-lease has come in USSR only in 1944-1945, on a closing stage of war.
</P>
<H3> Quantity </H3>
<P>
The first sentences of the allies about delivery of the ships and boats fall into to September, 1941, when the chapter of the Soviet military mission in Great Britain the rare-admiral Nikolay Harlamov in the letter to the head of department of naval architecture of a Navy to the engineer - rare-admiral Nikolay Isachenkov has reported, that \"firm\" Canadian Papuers Company\" offers to make for USSR 100 torpedo motorboats, till 25 boats monthly. This sentence became a premise for the booking and delivery in the Soviet Union 202 torpedo motorboats.
</P>
<P>
Under the English licence the American firms \"Annapolis Yachts Yard\" both \"Hershov\" in Bristol and Komdene plotted boats such as \"Vosper\" of the designer Scott-Peina. They were shipped in USSR in the collected kind. The firm \"Electrician Company\" (ELCO), not having the rights to sell to the Soviet Union ready boats, supplied(delivered) full complete sets of parts of cases and gears, and also means and necessary documentation. In USSR on a shipbuilding yard with participation of the American experts the assembly of boats was effected. The torpedo motorboats such as \"Higgins\" were plotted in New Orlean. In the Soviet Union the torpedo launchers on these boats were changed domestic.
</P>
<P>
The òà êòèêî-specifications of three types of the American torpedo motorboats were rather close: displacement - 45-50 ton, velocity of a full speed - 36-39 knots, endurance - 420-450 miles; torpedo arms - two devices of 533-mm of calibre, artillery - 20-mm the air-defence automatic control unit such as \"Erlicon\". The crew of a boat constituted 11-14 men (on staff of a Soviet Navy).
</P>
<P>
In the Soviet Union of torpedo motorboats were supplied by sea on transport ships.
</P>
<P>
On merchant vessels in USSR was supplied 60 wood sentry boats such as \"RPC\" and \"RTS\" to displacement 27 ton. At the Americans they were used for rescue of crews of aircrafts, slewed in coastal areas of the sea. In the Soviet Navy them have referred to the small hunters such as \"ÌÎ-1\", though hydroacoustic instrumentation for an antisubmarine sweep they had no.
</P>
<P>
The large hunters such as \"SC\" (on the Soviet classification such as BO-2) were plotted on 26 wharfs of USA. A case of the hunter wood. Displacement - 126 ton, velocity of a full speed - 17 knots. The artillery arms actuated 40-mm a gun such as \"Bofors\" and three 20-mms of the automatic control unit such as \"Erlicon\". There was radar and hydrolocation an engineering.
</P>
<P>
For such small ships the long-term transition through storm Northern Atlantic was rather hard and dangerous business. Nevertheless large hunters, accepted by the Soviet crews, by the course overcame ocean, showing samples of marine training and stability(resistance). All Soviet Navy has received 78 large hunters (North Fleet - 36, Pacific Fleet - 32, Baltic Fleet - 4, Black Sea Fleet - 6). The ships were supplied to the Black and Baltic seas on internal waterways.
</P>
<P>
The delivery of minesweepers, which were especially necessary to fleet, began from the ships such as \"AM\", plotted on wharfs Tampa, Wiliamette, Madisonvilla and Loreina. The minesweepers had a steel case. Displacement - 914 ton, velocity of a full speed - 13,5 knots, endurance - 7000 miles. Main arms of the ship was the magnetic sweep such as \"LL\", which practically were not in the Soviet Navy, and also two acoustic sweeps and contact (?) such as \"Oropesa\". The antisubmarine weapon system actuated two depth-charge racks two a mortar and an active sonar. The minesweeper was equipped with radar instrumentation.
</P>
<P>
From 34 received on lend-lease of minesweepers such as \"AM\" in a composition of Northern Fleet has come 10, in a composition of Pacific Fleet - 24.
</P>
<P>
On lend-lease 43 minesweepers such as \"YMS\" were received. They had a wood case, were lowmagnetic and lownoise, were equipped by complete sets newest the then contact and influence sweeps, radar and hydroacoustic instrumentation. Their displacement - 345 ton, velocity of a full speed - about 13 knots, endurance - 2030 miles. The artillery arms actuated one 76,2-mm a gun and two 20-mms of the automatic control unit.
</P>
<P>
The ground mass of the ships intended for Pacific Fleet, was transferred by the Americans to the Soviet seamen on naval base Cold-Bay (southwest extremity of a peninsula Alaska). The general(common) management of training of crews and transfer of the ships was headed by the Commander of naval squad \"3294\" (subdivision \"Hula-2\") Captain Wiliam Maxwell. With a number of technical devices, first of all with a radar and sonar, and also with a computerized control system of a magnetic sweep the Soviet seamen got acquainted for the first time. The training was led(transacted) in educational cabinets on a coast, and then directly on the ships. In total in Cold-Bay 12 400 officers and sailors of the Soviet Navy were prepared.
</P>
<P>
The author of these article participated in accepting from the Americans one of such minesweepers \"YMS-287\" (T-611) in Cold-Bay which could during four years serve on the ship at first commander of an artillery and mine-torpedo battle part, (BCh-2-3) and then navigational officer (BCh-1), assistant, being simultaneously on such minesweepers, of the commander.
</P>
<P>
England has transferred to the Soviet Union in 1942-1944 10 minesweepers such as \"MMS\" by displacement 260 ton, equipped by electromagnetic and acoustic trawls. The accepting of the ships came true in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk.
</P>
<P>
28 frigates such as \"PF\" or \"Takoma\" (on the Soviet classification such as \"EK\" - exkort or patrol crafts) have come transmitted on lend-lease from USA in a composition of Pacific fleet. It were the rather large ships. Their displacement about 2300 ton, velocity of a full speed more than 19 knots. The frigate was armed three 76,2-mms guns two 40-mms by guns \"Bofors\" and nine 20-mm by automatic control units \"Erlicon\". On a deck two depth-charge racks and nine mortars were placed. There was an active sonar and some radar sets. The crew consist of 195 men.
</P>
<H3> Quality </H3>
<P>
About quality of the ships proceeding on lend-lease, and their role in battle operations of the Soviet Navy from June 5, 1945 is possible to judge from the letter of vice-admiral Eliseev to Narkomat of Foreign Trade: \"It is necessary to mark, that the ships, proceeding from the allies, appreciably have provided activity of Navy. The minesweepers, hunters behind submarines and torpedo motorboats successfully acted according to the assignment\".
</P>
<P>
For score of deliveries from USA Pacific fleet especially has replenished. It was dictated by the bond USSR, data on the Yalta conference of three mandatory powers, to enter war with Japan not later than three months after victory above Germany. Since spring of 1944 till September, 1945 by the Soviet crews on naval base Cold-Bay 215 ships by a total cost 228 million dollars (in the prices of 1946) were accepted.
</P>
<P>
The accepted there ships by several groups transferred Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, and therefrom - to places of constant basing. Many from them have shared in battle actions against Japan. Some import ships, differ in battles, steel Guards.
</P>
<P>
The aircraft of a Navy for years of war has received on lend-lease from USA and Great Britain 2158 battle aircrafts of various types. From a domestic industry for this period in a maritime aviation 6877 aircrafts have acted(arrived). The share of import has constituted thus 31,3 %.
</P>
<P>
Except for the ships and aircrafts of a Soviet Navy has received from the allies a lot of other engineering and spare parts. So, from England for the Soviet Navy 555 radar stations of various assignment, and from USA - 641 were shipped. Deliveries of radar engineering were by itself the especially appreciable help: in a beginning of war the shipboard fleet inventory had a unique radar station established on the Black Sea cruiser of \"Molotov\".
</P>
<P>
England has transferred the Soviet Union for fleets 329 sonars such as \"Asdik\". \" The ultra acoustic devices, Received by us, (sonars. - note of author) differed in the best party from similar our stations \"sharply - so the substitute of the head of department of communication(connection) of a Soviet Navy the Engineer-Captain 1 rank Gusev valued this engineering.
</P>
<P>
The allies have stocked the Soviet Navy with a lump of ship motors and generators. They equipped more one thirds of all battle boats of fleet.
</P>
<P>
The assimilation by the Soviet Navy of the ships, accepted from the allies, and samples of naval engineering in definite - and in a number of cases significant - measure has helped our designers to introduce the essential correctives in already generated(set up) and still developed drafts of the ships.
</P>
<P>
The study of the American boats has allowed to create a domestic boat of the draft 201, distinguished by high seaworthiness, effective system of control, good habitability and best arms.
</P>
<P>
The new Soviet minesweepers began to be equipped by magnetic sweeps, on parameters close to the American and English trawls such as \"LL\". On minesweepers the sonars have appeared which were possible were to used both for an antisubmarine sweep, and for detection by(with) a min. On arms of submarine-hunting ships have acted(arrived) multi-barrelled bombing of installation as mortars \"Hedgehog\".
</P>
<P>
On experience of the allies in a Soviet Navy the reliable and convenient radiostation of a ultrashort-band range such as American \"MN\" is introduced for a close communications system. It allowed to negotiate to the commanders and watch officers of the ships going in the marching warrant, not resorting to the help the radio operator.
</P>
<P>
In view of experience of the Americans in a Soviet Navy per the first post-war years the training complexes for improvement of anti-submarine crews (for example, complex \"Attack\") were designed. On them the captain, watch officer and sonarman made skills of search submarines, maintenance with she of hydroacoustic contact, her attack and destruction. Thus were created conditions, rather close to substantial.
</P>
<P>
Other innovations which have appeared on the Soviet ships as a result of study and assimilation of arms and engineering, received from the allies on lend-lease took place also.
</P>
<P>
Is unconditional, a main role in victory above Germany military production of a domestic industry has played. At the same time it is impossible biassedly to belittle and value of the allied help USSR on lend-lease, including for the Soviet Navy.
</P>
</SPAN>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border=0 cellPadding=0 cellSpacing=10 width=\"100%\">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD bgColor=#373737 colSpan=2> <IMG alt=\"\" border=0 height=1 src=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\" width=1> </TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=center>
<TD width=\"50%\"> <FONT size=1>Materials: Independent Newspaper ©1999-2000</FONT><FONT size=1><BR>
</FONT><FONT size=1>Engineering: NEGA-NETWORK(NEGA-NET) - <A href=\"[www.fep.ru]\" target=_blank><FONT COLOR=#000000>ÔÃÃ</FONT></A> c 2000</FONT></TD>
<TD width=\"50%\"> <FONT size=1>Is published in <A href=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\">Independent Military Review</A> from 28.07.2000</FONT><FONT class=fine size=1><BR>
</FONT><FONT size=1>Pre-image: <A href=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\">[nvo.ng.ru]; </TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
</HTML>
<TBODY>
<TR vAlign=center>
<TD align=left rowSpan=2> <A href=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\"><IMG alt=\"\" border=0 height=44 src=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\" width=280></A> </TD>
<TD align=left><H3>Independent Military Review<BR>#31, 1999<H3></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
<BLOCKQUOTE> <B class=header1>Lend-lease for the Soviet Navy</B><BR>
<B class=subheader>The assimilation by the Soviet Navyof naval engineering, accepted from the allies, has helped our designers at creation of the new ships</B><BR>
<B>Vladimir Krasnov</B><BR>
<P style=\"BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; PADDING-TOP: 3px\">
<B>About the author:</B> Krasnov Vladimir Nikitich - Doctor of naval sciences, Senior scientific employee of Institute of a History of Natural Sciences and Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Captain 1 rank in demission.
</P>
<P>
<TABLE align=right border=0 cellPadding=0 cellSpacing=0 width=300>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD> <IMG height=1 src=\"ËåÃä-ëèç äëÿ ÂÌÔ ÑÑÑÃ.files/dot.gif\" width=8> </TD>
<TD> <IMG border=1 height=120 src=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\" vspace=2 width=300> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> <IMG height=1 src=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\" width=8> </TD>
<TD align=right colSpan=2 vAlign=bottom><B><I>Such American minesweepers such as YMS were supplied to the Soviet Union on lend-lease within Great Domestic war.</I></B><B><I> <BR>
</I></B><B><I>Photo from archive of the author</I></B></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
After the termination of the Second world war in a favour to a political situation long years existed (and partly continues to exist) definite preconception in an estimation of the allied help within war. Sparse, in the main journal and newspaper papers having, as a rule, fragmentary character, yielded a biassed estimation by the received Soviet Union on lend-lease to military engineering and materials. Thus was not stipulated, that some supplied rather necessary kinds of engineering and arms at all was not in the Soviet Army and Naval fleet (radiolocation, hydrolocation, influence sweeps, multibarreled projectors etc.), separate kinds of military production received on ëåÃä-ëèçó, exceeded on volume basis similar, made by the Soviet industry, or constituted the large specific gravity.
</P>
<P>
In particular it falls into to automobiles and tractors (see. Independent Military Review #31, 1999), and also to steam locomotives and cars. In a composition the Soviet air forces acting on fronts of Great Domestic war, lay more than 15 % of aircrafts received from the allies on lend-lease.
</P>
<P>
Is appreciable the Soviet Navy has replenished with the import ships and vessels, various arms and engineering. So, in result land-laese of deliveries the quantity of patrol crafts on Pacific fleet per 1945 in comparison with a beginning of war was increased in 4-5 times. The figure of minesweepers in a composition of a Soviet Navy was increased twice. Northern fleet, on which in June, 1941 there were only two torpedo motorboats, by 1945 has replenished with 47 American boats such as \"Vosper\" (A-1), \"Higgins\" (A-2) and ELCO (A-3). From USA in 1943-1945 43 landing vessels of express construction have acted(arrived) which the Soviet Navy as a matter of fact had no, though the need(requirement) for them was great (more 100 landing operations of miscellaneous scale has conducted of fleet within war).
</P>
<P>
Unfortunately, the ground mass of the ships on lend-lease has come in USSR only in 1944-1945, on a closing stage of war.
</P>
<H3> Quantity </H3>
<P>
The first sentences of the allies about delivery of the ships and boats fall into to September, 1941, when the chapter of the Soviet military mission in Great Britain the rare-admiral Nikolay Harlamov in the letter to the head of department of naval architecture of a Navy to the engineer - rare-admiral Nikolay Isachenkov has reported, that \"firm\" Canadian Papuers Company\" offers to make for USSR 100 torpedo motorboats, till 25 boats monthly. This sentence became a premise for the booking and delivery in the Soviet Union 202 torpedo motorboats.
</P>
<P>
Under the English licence the American firms \"Annapolis Yachts Yard\" both \"Hershov\" in Bristol and Komdene plotted boats such as \"Vosper\" of the designer Scott-Peina. They were shipped in USSR in the collected kind. The firm \"Electrician Company\" (ELCO), not having the rights to sell to the Soviet Union ready boats, supplied(delivered) full complete sets of parts of cases and gears, and also means and necessary documentation. In USSR on a shipbuilding yard with participation of the American experts the assembly of boats was effected. The torpedo motorboats such as \"Higgins\" were plotted in New Orlean. In the Soviet Union the torpedo launchers on these boats were changed domestic.
</P>
<P>
The òà êòèêî-specifications of three types of the American torpedo motorboats were rather close: displacement - 45-50 ton, velocity of a full speed - 36-39 knots, endurance - 420-450 miles; torpedo arms - two devices of 533-mm of calibre, artillery - 20-mm the air-defence automatic control unit such as \"Erlicon\". The crew of a boat constituted 11-14 men (on staff of a Soviet Navy).
</P>
<P>
In the Soviet Union of torpedo motorboats were supplied by sea on transport ships.
</P>
<P>
On merchant vessels in USSR was supplied 60 wood sentry boats such as \"RPC\" and \"RTS\" to displacement 27 ton. At the Americans they were used for rescue of crews of aircrafts, slewed in coastal areas of the sea. In the Soviet Navy them have referred to the small hunters such as \"ÌÎ-1\", though hydroacoustic instrumentation for an antisubmarine sweep they had no.
</P>
<P>
The large hunters such as \"SC\" (on the Soviet classification such as BO-2) were plotted on 26 wharfs of USA. A case of the hunter wood. Displacement - 126 ton, velocity of a full speed - 17 knots. The artillery arms actuated 40-mm a gun such as \"Bofors\" and three 20-mms of the automatic control unit such as \"Erlicon\". There was radar and hydrolocation an engineering.
</P>
<P>
For such small ships the long-term transition through storm Northern Atlantic was rather hard and dangerous business. Nevertheless large hunters, accepted by the Soviet crews, by the course overcame ocean, showing samples of marine training and stability(resistance). All Soviet Navy has received 78 large hunters (North Fleet - 36, Pacific Fleet - 32, Baltic Fleet - 4, Black Sea Fleet - 6). The ships were supplied to the Black and Baltic seas on internal waterways.
</P>
<P>
The delivery of minesweepers, which were especially necessary to fleet, began from the ships such as \"AM\", plotted on wharfs Tampa, Wiliamette, Madisonvilla and Loreina. The minesweepers had a steel case. Displacement - 914 ton, velocity of a full speed - 13,5 knots, endurance - 7000 miles. Main arms of the ship was the magnetic sweep such as \"LL\", which practically were not in the Soviet Navy, and also two acoustic sweeps and contact (?) such as \"Oropesa\". The antisubmarine weapon system actuated two depth-charge racks two a mortar and an active sonar. The minesweeper was equipped with radar instrumentation.
</P>
<P>
From 34 received on lend-lease of minesweepers such as \"AM\" in a composition of Northern Fleet has come 10, in a composition of Pacific Fleet - 24.
</P>
<P>
On lend-lease 43 minesweepers such as \"YMS\" were received. They had a wood case, were lowmagnetic and lownoise, were equipped by complete sets newest the then contact and influence sweeps, radar and hydroacoustic instrumentation. Their displacement - 345 ton, velocity of a full speed - about 13 knots, endurance - 2030 miles. The artillery arms actuated one 76,2-mm a gun and two 20-mms of the automatic control unit.
</P>
<P>
The ground mass of the ships intended for Pacific Fleet, was transferred by the Americans to the Soviet seamen on naval base Cold-Bay (southwest extremity of a peninsula Alaska). The general(common) management of training of crews and transfer of the ships was headed by the Commander of naval squad \"3294\" (subdivision \"Hula-2\") Captain Wiliam Maxwell. With a number of technical devices, first of all with a radar and sonar, and also with a computerized control system of a magnetic sweep the Soviet seamen got acquainted for the first time. The training was led(transacted) in educational cabinets on a coast, and then directly on the ships. In total in Cold-Bay 12 400 officers and sailors of the Soviet Navy were prepared.
</P>
<P>
The author of these article participated in accepting from the Americans one of such minesweepers \"YMS-287\" (T-611) in Cold-Bay which could during four years serve on the ship at first commander of an artillery and mine-torpedo battle part, (BCh-2-3) and then navigational officer (BCh-1), assistant, being simultaneously on such minesweepers, of the commander.
</P>
<P>
England has transferred to the Soviet Union in 1942-1944 10 minesweepers such as \"MMS\" by displacement 260 ton, equipped by electromagnetic and acoustic trawls. The accepting of the ships came true in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk.
</P>
<P>
28 frigates such as \"PF\" or \"Takoma\" (on the Soviet classification such as \"EK\" - exkort or patrol crafts) have come transmitted on lend-lease from USA in a composition of Pacific fleet. It were the rather large ships. Their displacement about 2300 ton, velocity of a full speed more than 19 knots. The frigate was armed three 76,2-mms guns two 40-mms by guns \"Bofors\" and nine 20-mm by automatic control units \"Erlicon\". On a deck two depth-charge racks and nine mortars were placed. There was an active sonar and some radar sets. The crew consist of 195 men.
</P>
<H3> Quality </H3>
<P>
About quality of the ships proceeding on lend-lease, and their role in battle operations of the Soviet Navy from June 5, 1945 is possible to judge from the letter of vice-admiral Eliseev to Narkomat of Foreign Trade: \"It is necessary to mark, that the ships, proceeding from the allies, appreciably have provided activity of Navy. The minesweepers, hunters behind submarines and torpedo motorboats successfully acted according to the assignment\".
</P>
<P>
For score of deliveries from USA Pacific fleet especially has replenished. It was dictated by the bond USSR, data on the Yalta conference of three mandatory powers, to enter war with Japan not later than three months after victory above Germany. Since spring of 1944 till September, 1945 by the Soviet crews on naval base Cold-Bay 215 ships by a total cost 228 million dollars (in the prices of 1946) were accepted.
</P>
<P>
The accepted there ships by several groups transferred Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, and therefrom - to places of constant basing. Many from them have shared in battle actions against Japan. Some import ships, differ in battles, steel Guards.
</P>
<P>
The aircraft of a Navy for years of war has received on lend-lease from USA and Great Britain 2158 battle aircrafts of various types. From a domestic industry for this period in a maritime aviation 6877 aircrafts have acted(arrived). The share of import has constituted thus 31,3 %.
</P>
<P>
Except for the ships and aircrafts of a Soviet Navy has received from the allies a lot of other engineering and spare parts. So, from England for the Soviet Navy 555 radar stations of various assignment, and from USA - 641 were shipped. Deliveries of radar engineering were by itself the especially appreciable help: in a beginning of war the shipboard fleet inventory had a unique radar station established on the Black Sea cruiser of \"Molotov\".
</P>
<P>
England has transferred the Soviet Union for fleets 329 sonars such as \"Asdik\". \" The ultra acoustic devices, Received by us, (sonars. - note of author) differed in the best party from similar our stations \"sharply - so the substitute of the head of department of communication(connection) of a Soviet Navy the Engineer-Captain 1 rank Gusev valued this engineering.
</P>
<P>
The allies have stocked the Soviet Navy with a lump of ship motors and generators. They equipped more one thirds of all battle boats of fleet.
</P>
<P>
The assimilation by the Soviet Navy of the ships, accepted from the allies, and samples of naval engineering in definite - and in a number of cases significant - measure has helped our designers to introduce the essential correctives in already generated(set up) and still developed drafts of the ships.
</P>
<P>
The study of the American boats has allowed to create a domestic boat of the draft 201, distinguished by high seaworthiness, effective system of control, good habitability and best arms.
</P>
<P>
The new Soviet minesweepers began to be equipped by magnetic sweeps, on parameters close to the American and English trawls such as \"LL\". On minesweepers the sonars have appeared which were possible were to used both for an antisubmarine sweep, and for detection by(with) a min. On arms of submarine-hunting ships have acted(arrived) multi-barrelled bombing of installation as mortars \"Hedgehog\".
</P>
<P>
On experience of the allies in a Soviet Navy the reliable and convenient radiostation of a ultrashort-band range such as American \"MN\" is introduced for a close communications system. It allowed to negotiate to the commanders and watch officers of the ships going in the marching warrant, not resorting to the help the radio operator.
</P>
<P>
In view of experience of the Americans in a Soviet Navy per the first post-war years the training complexes for improvement of anti-submarine crews (for example, complex \"Attack\") were designed. On them the captain, watch officer and sonarman made skills of search submarines, maintenance with she of hydroacoustic contact, her attack and destruction. Thus were created conditions, rather close to substantial.
</P>
<P>
Other innovations which have appeared on the Soviet ships as a result of study and assimilation of arms and engineering, received from the allies on lend-lease took place also.
</P>
<P>
Is unconditional, a main role in victory above Germany military production of a domestic industry has played. At the same time it is impossible biassedly to belittle and value of the allied help USSR on lend-lease, including for the Soviet Navy.
</P>
</SPAN>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE border=0 cellPadding=0 cellSpacing=10 width=\"100%\">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD bgColor=#373737 colSpan=2> <IMG alt=\"\" border=0 height=1 src=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\" width=1> </TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=center>
<TD width=\"50%\"> <FONT size=1>Materials: Independent Newspaper ©1999-2000</FONT><FONT size=1><BR>
</FONT><FONT size=1>Engineering: NEGA-NETWORK(NEGA-NET) - <A href=\"[www.fep.ru]\" target=_blank><FONT COLOR=#000000>ÔÃÃ</FONT></A> c 2000</FONT></TD>
<TD width=\"50%\"> <FONT size=1>Is published in <A href=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\">Independent Military Review</A> from 28.07.2000</FONT><FONT class=fine size=1><BR>
</FONT><FONT size=1>Pre-image: <A href=\"[nvo.ng.ru]\">[nvo.ng.ru]; </TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
</HTML>
